The document discusses requirements for efficient mobile backhaul with carrier Ethernet to support LTE networks. It covers:
- LTE network architecture and how it impacts transport network requirements, including the need for multi-service capability, low cost per bit transport, and support for a transition to packet-based networks.
- Key transport network requirements created by LTE like powerful OAM, fast protection switching, strong QoS support, multicast/broadcast support, and interoperability with the packet core.
- How MPLS-TP can fulfill these requirements through features like VPN support, coordinated tunnel setup, comprehensive OAM tools, sub-50ms protection switching, and support for QoS, performance monitoring
The document discusses LTE backhaul considerations for network evolution. It emphasizes that backhaul must support LTE's technical requirements while ensuring business profitability. A successful backhaul solution enables seamless evolution through flexible topology, granular QoS controls, and simple network changes. IP/MPLS is recommended to provide service and transport independence across 2G, 3G and LTE networks.
Multiprotocol Label Switching - A brief introduction to the most relevant asp...Alberto Serna
Slides from a presentation to show the utility of MPLS and MPLS-TP to my classmates from the Master's Degree in Telecommunication Engineering at University of Extremadura.
It is just a brief introduction, but you can find the references at the end of the file.
Cisco Packet Transport Network – MPLS-TPCisco Canada
The document discusses Cisco's Packet Transport Network solution for MPLS-TP. It begins by outlining the challenges facing network operators as packet traffic grows. It then introduces the Packet Optical Transport System (P-OTS) and its keys, including determinism, resiliency, bandwidth efficiency, legacy support, and service scalability. The document goes on to describe how MPLS-TP addresses these challenges by converging data and transport networks and providing carrier-grade SLA, OAM, and resiliency capabilities comparable to SONET/SDH. It outlines MPLS-TP components, encapsulation, resiliency options, and OAM functionality including connectivity check, continuity verification, and fault detection.
Metaswitch has expertise in network protocols and the first portable MPLS-TP protocol solution. MPLS-TP extends connection-oriented Ethernet end-to-end using MPLS, reusing existing MPLS technology with profiling to remove unnecessary features. It defines OAM for both pseudowires and MPLS-TP tunnels to separately monitor service and transport. MPLS-TP allows layering of services across networks with common OAM, including Ethernet, TDM, and WDM, all using MPLS control planes. MPLS-TP is gaining momentum in pre-standard deployments and applicable to equipment vendor networks across many segments.
MPLS-TP control plane is beneficial. It brings significant automation and reduced OPEX. Management is provisioned and control plane NEs will co-exist in many networks. Many vendors are building NEs with both management and control plane provisioning.
MPLS-TP is subset of MPLS. It uses the same data plane as used by MPLS (Defined in RFC 3031 and RFC 3032). MPLS-TP has four major areas:-
1. Data Plane
2. Control Plane
3. O&M
4. Survivability
MPLS-TP has no control plane, the reason for this was that the recovery. If the dynamic control plane is used, in that case the convergence would depend on the dynamic protocol and providers cannot leverage the <50 ms failover time in that case. It uses the same QoS diffserv model except uniform model as used in MPLS.
The document discusses telecommunication standards from 1G to 4G including GSM, CDMA, WiMAX and LTE networks. It specifically focuses on the GSM network architecture, characteristics and interfaces. The GSM network uses a cellular structure with Base Transceiver Stations communicating with Mobile Stations through the air interface. It also describes the components of a Mobile Station including the Mobile Equipment and Subscriber Identity Module.
The document proposes Ethernet VPN (E-VPN) as a solution to overcome scaling challenges with the existing Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) technology. E-VPN uses MPLS and BGP to transport layer 2 connectivity between data centers. It treats MAC addresses as routable addresses and uses MP-iBGP to distribute customer MAC addresses between edge routers. This allows for remote MAC learning and helps scale to thousands of MAC addresses. The document also describes how E-VPN uses Ethernet Segment IDs and split horizon labels to avoid layer 2 loops in multi-homing scenarios.
The document discusses LTE backhaul considerations for network evolution. It emphasizes that backhaul must support LTE's technical requirements while ensuring business profitability. A successful backhaul solution enables seamless evolution through flexible topology, granular QoS controls, and simple network changes. IP/MPLS is recommended to provide service and transport independence across 2G, 3G and LTE networks.
Multiprotocol Label Switching - A brief introduction to the most relevant asp...Alberto Serna
Slides from a presentation to show the utility of MPLS and MPLS-TP to my classmates from the Master's Degree in Telecommunication Engineering at University of Extremadura.
It is just a brief introduction, but you can find the references at the end of the file.
Cisco Packet Transport Network – MPLS-TPCisco Canada
The document discusses Cisco's Packet Transport Network solution for MPLS-TP. It begins by outlining the challenges facing network operators as packet traffic grows. It then introduces the Packet Optical Transport System (P-OTS) and its keys, including determinism, resiliency, bandwidth efficiency, legacy support, and service scalability. The document goes on to describe how MPLS-TP addresses these challenges by converging data and transport networks and providing carrier-grade SLA, OAM, and resiliency capabilities comparable to SONET/SDH. It outlines MPLS-TP components, encapsulation, resiliency options, and OAM functionality including connectivity check, continuity verification, and fault detection.
Metaswitch has expertise in network protocols and the first portable MPLS-TP protocol solution. MPLS-TP extends connection-oriented Ethernet end-to-end using MPLS, reusing existing MPLS technology with profiling to remove unnecessary features. It defines OAM for both pseudowires and MPLS-TP tunnels to separately monitor service and transport. MPLS-TP allows layering of services across networks with common OAM, including Ethernet, TDM, and WDM, all using MPLS control planes. MPLS-TP is gaining momentum in pre-standard deployments and applicable to equipment vendor networks across many segments.
MPLS-TP control plane is beneficial. It brings significant automation and reduced OPEX. Management is provisioned and control plane NEs will co-exist in many networks. Many vendors are building NEs with both management and control plane provisioning.
MPLS-TP is subset of MPLS. It uses the same data plane as used by MPLS (Defined in RFC 3031 and RFC 3032). MPLS-TP has four major areas:-
1. Data Plane
2. Control Plane
3. O&M
4. Survivability
MPLS-TP has no control plane, the reason for this was that the recovery. If the dynamic control plane is used, in that case the convergence would depend on the dynamic protocol and providers cannot leverage the <50 ms failover time in that case. It uses the same QoS diffserv model except uniform model as used in MPLS.
The document discusses telecommunication standards from 1G to 4G including GSM, CDMA, WiMAX and LTE networks. It specifically focuses on the GSM network architecture, characteristics and interfaces. The GSM network uses a cellular structure with Base Transceiver Stations communicating with Mobile Stations through the air interface. It also describes the components of a Mobile Station including the Mobile Equipment and Subscriber Identity Module.
The document proposes Ethernet VPN (E-VPN) as a solution to overcome scaling challenges with the existing Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) technology. E-VPN uses MPLS and BGP to transport layer 2 connectivity between data centers. It treats MAC addresses as routable addresses and uses MP-iBGP to distribute customer MAC addresses between edge routers. This allows for remote MAC learning and helps scale to thousands of MAC addresses. The document also describes how E-VPN uses Ethernet Segment IDs and split horizon labels to avoid layer 2 loops in multi-homing scenarios.
The document discusses evolving transport networks from SONET/SDH TDM to packet-based transport using MPLS-TP. It provides an overview of MPLS-TP technologies and use case scenarios. Some key points include: MPLS-TP addresses bandwidth growth needs while satisfying carriers' requirements for reliability, flexibility and lower costs. Standards are being developed jointly by IETF and ITU-T. Draft specifications target implementation of OAM, protection schemes, and other aspects. Potential deployment scenarios include aggregation/access networks, mobile backhaul, and transport of Ethernet or IP/MPLS services networks.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
The document summarizes the future of optical networking. It predicts modest post-bubble growth driven by revenue, with most spending still on SONET/SDH rather than WDM. It outlines the adoption of multi-service provisioning platforms, multi-service switching platforms, and multi-service transport platforms over time. Finally, it describes how MSPPs, MSSPs, and MSTPs fit into access/collector, intra-metro/regional, and inter-office networks.
This document provides an overview of softswitch technology and VoIP over cable networks. It discusses drivers like cost reduction and creating an open platform. Key points discussed include defining demarcation points between internal and external networks, constraints like compatibility issues, and case studies on convergence over cable. The document also covers PacketCable specifications and an evolving view of softswitches moving functions to the edge to create an intelligent network and service platform while protecting existing investments.
Femtocells Americas 2009
When: November 16-18, 2009
Featured Speaker:
Todd Mersch, Director PLM, Continuous Computing
Panel: LTE Femtocell Roadmap, From Concept to Reality
This document provides an overview of LTE-Advanced radio layer 2 and radio resource control aspects. It discusses LTE-Advanced features such as carrier aggregation, coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, emergency calls, positioning, public warning systems, and home eNB. It describes the E-UTRAN architecture and user and control plane protocol stacks. Key aspects covered include system information, connection control, radio resource control states, mobility, radio link failure handling, random access, and scheduling. Performance metrics on uplink and downlink latency and handover interruptions are also mentioned.
10 gpon information technology interfaces, 2007. iti 2007. 29th internationa...ngoctrampnt
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is defined by ITU-T recommendations and has enhanced capabilities compared to earlier PON technologies. GPON uses only active equipment at the Optical Line Termination (OLT) located at the central office and Optical Network Units (ONU) located at user sites. It can transport Ethernet, ATM, TDM and PSTN traffic using the GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM). The paper provides an overview of GPON network architecture, transmission mechanisms such as forward error correction and dynamic bandwidth allocation, and analyzes the power budget in GPON systems.
This classic talk from 2002-03, captures some of the key traffic engineering and core network design strategies deployed by carriers from the early 1990's to early 2000's, and (now, in 2011!) provides a great historical perspective on how network cores have evolved. It will prove valuable for those looking to understand network evolution, and the operational principles and considerations behind it...
This document discusses virtual leased lines and how MPLS can be used to provide them. It describes how MPLS can transport IP, layer 2 protocols, Frame Relay, and ATM in a point-to-point manner with quality of service guarantees. It outlines key Cisco MPLS technologies like traffic engineering, differentiated services traffic engineering, quality of service, fast reroute, and auto bandwidth allocation that enable building virtual leased line services with bandwidth, delay, and jitter guarantees.
MPLS-based Metro Ethernet Networks Tutorial by KhatriFebrian
This document provides an overview of traditional metro Ethernet networks and carrier Ethernet services. It discusses:
1. How services were traditionally identified using VLAN IDs and Q-in-Q tagging which allowed for more services by preserving customer VLAN tags.
2. Forwarding was done through dynamic MAC learning in switch databases, which posed scaling issues as databases in all switches had to contain all MAC addresses.
3. Resiliency was provided by variants of spanning tree protocol, but these resulted in unused bandwidth during topology changes.
BT Represented at The Mobile VAS SUMMIT 2009 by Virtue InsightParitosh Sharma
This document discusses India's next generation policy and regulatory environment for telecommunications. It provides an overview of India's existing telecom licensing regime and statistics on telecom usage. It then analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current framework. Finally, it outlines a roadmap for future policy, including unifying regulatory functions, adopting a single technology-neutral license, enabling open access and infrastructure sharing, and establishing a next generation telecom policy to encourage investment, innovation and competition. The goal is to transition to a more light-touch regulatory approach that supports further development and adoption of next generation networks in India.
Future Technologies and Testing for Fixed Mobile Convergence,SAE and LTE in C...Going LTE
This white paper discusses future technologies for fixed-mobile convergence including LTE and SAE. It defines fixed-mobile convergence as providing consistent services via any fixed or mobile access point. The paper describes the motivation for convergence including mobility and consistent services. It outlines the LTE/SAE introduction and technologies including the evolved packet core and all-IP architecture. Key aspects of LTE such as physical layer channels and protocols are also summarized. The purpose is to support an integrated network through the IP Multimedia Subsystem for high-speed mobile experiences comparable to fixed broadband.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
The Broadband Forum is an international standards organization focused on developing specifications to facilitate broadband convergence. The document discusses the Broadband Forum's strategic objectives, including facilitating broadband convergence through common standards, defining common CPE specifications, and ensuring a successful IPv4 to IPv6 migration. It also provides an overview of the Broadband Forum's scope of work, which includes specifications related to broadband management, networks, and users.
Cube2012 scaling service provider backbone using bgp confederations for next ...Ashish Tanwer
The document outlines the internal architecture of a service provider backbone network using BGP confederations for next generation networks. It describes the key characteristics of service providers and discusses the logical design, including using IBGP with route reflectors replaced by BGP confederations. MPLS is used with virtual routers and route targets to control route distribution and identify VPN routes. Sample hardware designs using Cisco and Juniper routers and switches are also presented.
Cisco's Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) solution allows service providers to transport Layer 2 packets over an IP/MPLS backbone. This provides a single, converged network infrastructure to deliver traditional services like ATM and Frame Relay as well as Ethernet connections. AToM encapsulates different traffic types and transports them transparently over an MPLS core network. It enables straightforward provisioning and connecting of Layer 2 networks between customer sites.
This document provides an overview of LTE including:
1) What LTE is and why it was needed to replace 3G networks
2) The Evolved Packet System (EPS) architecture consisting of the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core
3) Key components of the Evolved Packet Core including the MME, SGW, and PDN-GW and their functions
The document discusses the need for unified MPLS networks to efficiently support increasing packet transport demands. It notes that service and revenue models are shifting from circuit-based to packet-based as traffic demands explode. It also discusses how events like cloud computing and LTE deployment are driving adoption of intelligent packet-based networks. Unified MPLS allows for a single end-to-end network that simplifies operations through protocol reduction and separation of transport from service operations. Leading network operators are adopting this approach to build more cost-effective networks that can improve return on investment.
This document summarizes an IMT-Advanced evaluation meeting held in Beijing, China on December 17-18, 2009 regarding LTE RAN architecture aspects. Dino Flore of Qualcomm Inc., the RAN WG3 Chairman, presented on topics including the EPS architecture, E-UTRAN architecture, functional split between network nodes, EPS bearer service architecture and QoS model, inter-cell interference control, and support for features like HeNB/CSG operation, SON, positioning, and E-MBMS.
The document provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and its components:
1. The EPC introduced with LTE features a flat "all-IP" architecture with the Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) as key components.
2. The SGW serves user plane tunnels, the PGW acts as the IP anchor and enforces policies, the MME handles mobility management, and the PCRF provides dynamic policy control.
3. The eNodeB interfaces with the MME for control functions and the SGW for user plane data, facilitating mobility management
The document discusses evolving transport networks from SONET/SDH TDM to packet-based transport using MPLS-TP. It provides an overview of MPLS-TP technologies and use case scenarios. Some key points include: MPLS-TP addresses bandwidth growth needs while satisfying carriers' requirements for reliability, flexibility and lower costs. Standards are being developed jointly by IETF and ITU-T. Draft specifications target implementation of OAM, protection schemes, and other aspects. Potential deployment scenarios include aggregation/access networks, mobile backhaul, and transport of Ethernet or IP/MPLS services networks.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
The document summarizes the future of optical networking. It predicts modest post-bubble growth driven by revenue, with most spending still on SONET/SDH rather than WDM. It outlines the adoption of multi-service provisioning platforms, multi-service switching platforms, and multi-service transport platforms over time. Finally, it describes how MSPPs, MSSPs, and MSTPs fit into access/collector, intra-metro/regional, and inter-office networks.
This document provides an overview of softswitch technology and VoIP over cable networks. It discusses drivers like cost reduction and creating an open platform. Key points discussed include defining demarcation points between internal and external networks, constraints like compatibility issues, and case studies on convergence over cable. The document also covers PacketCable specifications and an evolving view of softswitches moving functions to the edge to create an intelligent network and service platform while protecting existing investments.
Femtocells Americas 2009
When: November 16-18, 2009
Featured Speaker:
Todd Mersch, Director PLM, Continuous Computing
Panel: LTE Femtocell Roadmap, From Concept to Reality
This document provides an overview of LTE-Advanced radio layer 2 and radio resource control aspects. It discusses LTE-Advanced features such as carrier aggregation, coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, emergency calls, positioning, public warning systems, and home eNB. It describes the E-UTRAN architecture and user and control plane protocol stacks. Key aspects covered include system information, connection control, radio resource control states, mobility, radio link failure handling, random access, and scheduling. Performance metrics on uplink and downlink latency and handover interruptions are also mentioned.
10 gpon information technology interfaces, 2007. iti 2007. 29th internationa...ngoctrampnt
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is defined by ITU-T recommendations and has enhanced capabilities compared to earlier PON technologies. GPON uses only active equipment at the Optical Line Termination (OLT) located at the central office and Optical Network Units (ONU) located at user sites. It can transport Ethernet, ATM, TDM and PSTN traffic using the GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM). The paper provides an overview of GPON network architecture, transmission mechanisms such as forward error correction and dynamic bandwidth allocation, and analyzes the power budget in GPON systems.
This classic talk from 2002-03, captures some of the key traffic engineering and core network design strategies deployed by carriers from the early 1990's to early 2000's, and (now, in 2011!) provides a great historical perspective on how network cores have evolved. It will prove valuable for those looking to understand network evolution, and the operational principles and considerations behind it...
This document discusses virtual leased lines and how MPLS can be used to provide them. It describes how MPLS can transport IP, layer 2 protocols, Frame Relay, and ATM in a point-to-point manner with quality of service guarantees. It outlines key Cisco MPLS technologies like traffic engineering, differentiated services traffic engineering, quality of service, fast reroute, and auto bandwidth allocation that enable building virtual leased line services with bandwidth, delay, and jitter guarantees.
MPLS-based Metro Ethernet Networks Tutorial by KhatriFebrian
This document provides an overview of traditional metro Ethernet networks and carrier Ethernet services. It discusses:
1. How services were traditionally identified using VLAN IDs and Q-in-Q tagging which allowed for more services by preserving customer VLAN tags.
2. Forwarding was done through dynamic MAC learning in switch databases, which posed scaling issues as databases in all switches had to contain all MAC addresses.
3. Resiliency was provided by variants of spanning tree protocol, but these resulted in unused bandwidth during topology changes.
BT Represented at The Mobile VAS SUMMIT 2009 by Virtue InsightParitosh Sharma
This document discusses India's next generation policy and regulatory environment for telecommunications. It provides an overview of India's existing telecom licensing regime and statistics on telecom usage. It then analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current framework. Finally, it outlines a roadmap for future policy, including unifying regulatory functions, adopting a single technology-neutral license, enabling open access and infrastructure sharing, and establishing a next generation telecom policy to encourage investment, innovation and competition. The goal is to transition to a more light-touch regulatory approach that supports further development and adoption of next generation networks in India.
Future Technologies and Testing for Fixed Mobile Convergence,SAE and LTE in C...Going LTE
This white paper discusses future technologies for fixed-mobile convergence including LTE and SAE. It defines fixed-mobile convergence as providing consistent services via any fixed or mobile access point. The paper describes the motivation for convergence including mobility and consistent services. It outlines the LTE/SAE introduction and technologies including the evolved packet core and all-IP architecture. Key aspects of LTE such as physical layer channels and protocols are also summarized. The purpose is to support an integrated network through the IP Multimedia Subsystem for high-speed mobile experiences comparable to fixed broadband.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
The Broadband Forum is an international standards organization focused on developing specifications to facilitate broadband convergence. The document discusses the Broadband Forum's strategic objectives, including facilitating broadband convergence through common standards, defining common CPE specifications, and ensuring a successful IPv4 to IPv6 migration. It also provides an overview of the Broadband Forum's scope of work, which includes specifications related to broadband management, networks, and users.
Cube2012 scaling service provider backbone using bgp confederations for next ...Ashish Tanwer
The document outlines the internal architecture of a service provider backbone network using BGP confederations for next generation networks. It describes the key characteristics of service providers and discusses the logical design, including using IBGP with route reflectors replaced by BGP confederations. MPLS is used with virtual routers and route targets to control route distribution and identify VPN routes. Sample hardware designs using Cisco and Juniper routers and switches are also presented.
Cisco's Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) solution allows service providers to transport Layer 2 packets over an IP/MPLS backbone. This provides a single, converged network infrastructure to deliver traditional services like ATM and Frame Relay as well as Ethernet connections. AToM encapsulates different traffic types and transports them transparently over an MPLS core network. It enables straightforward provisioning and connecting of Layer 2 networks between customer sites.
This document provides an overview of LTE including:
1) What LTE is and why it was needed to replace 3G networks
2) The Evolved Packet System (EPS) architecture consisting of the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core
3) Key components of the Evolved Packet Core including the MME, SGW, and PDN-GW and their functions
The document discusses the need for unified MPLS networks to efficiently support increasing packet transport demands. It notes that service and revenue models are shifting from circuit-based to packet-based as traffic demands explode. It also discusses how events like cloud computing and LTE deployment are driving adoption of intelligent packet-based networks. Unified MPLS allows for a single end-to-end network that simplifies operations through protocol reduction and separation of transport from service operations. Leading network operators are adopting this approach to build more cost-effective networks that can improve return on investment.
This document summarizes an IMT-Advanced evaluation meeting held in Beijing, China on December 17-18, 2009 regarding LTE RAN architecture aspects. Dino Flore of Qualcomm Inc., the RAN WG3 Chairman, presented on topics including the EPS architecture, E-UTRAN architecture, functional split between network nodes, EPS bearer service architecture and QoS model, inter-cell interference control, and support for features like HeNB/CSG operation, SON, positioning, and E-MBMS.
The document provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and its components:
1. The EPC introduced with LTE features a flat "all-IP" architecture with the Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) as key components.
2. The SGW serves user plane tunnels, the PGW acts as the IP anchor and enforces policies, the MME handles mobility management, and the PCRF provides dynamic policy control.
3. The eNodeB interfaces with the MME for control functions and the SGW for user plane data, facilitating mobility management
MPLS is increasingly being used for mobile backhaul networks to support evolving 4G LTE and beyond networks. MPLS provides a unified transport solution for 2G, 3G and 4G networks through proven scalability, resiliency, manageability and quality of service. The Broadband Forum's MPLS in Mobile Backhaul Initiative (MMBI) specifies requirements and architectures for using MPLS in mobile backhaul networks, including support for small cell deployments. Upcoming work will address additional 3GPP releases and further optimize MPLS mobile backhaul networks.
This white paper discusses future technologies for fixed-mobile convergence including LTE and SAE. It defines fixed-mobile convergence as providing consistent services via any fixed or mobile access point. The paper describes the motivation for convergence including mobility and consistent services. It outlines the LTE/SAE introduction and technologies including the evolved packet core and all-IP architecture. Key aspects of LTE such as physical layer channels and protocols are also summarized. The purpose is to support an integrated network through the IP Multimedia Subsystem for high-speed mobile experiences comparable to fixed broadband.
This document provides an overview of UMTS W-CDMA (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). It describes the basic architecture and channel structures of a 3G W-CDMA system. Key points include that W-CDMA uses CDMA technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps and channel bandwidth of 4.4-5 MHz. It also discusses the various physical channels in the uplink and downlink, including dedicated channels, common channels, and how they are structured over timeslots and frames.
IEEE 1588 Timing for Mobile Backhaul webinar sponsored by Cisco. By 2015 there will be 5 billion mobile devices and 1.5 billion M2M nodes. Global mobile traffic will grow 26 times to 6.3 exabytes per month. Video will make up 66% of mobile traffic. Ethernet backhaul costs less per bit than TDM and has a flat cost structure. Mobile networks are transforming from linear TDM architectures to distributed IP/Ethernet architectures to scale with demand. Migration to Ethernet requires time synchronization which can be achieved using 1588v2 and SyncE technologies. 1588v2 supports both frequency and phase synchronization required for 4G/LTE networks.
The document discusses the evolution of transport networks from SONET/SDH TDM technologies to packet switching using MPLS-TP. It provides an overview of MPLS-TP, including its fundamentals, architecture, and key technologies. It also outlines several potential deployment scenarios for MPLS-TP, such as in aggregation and access networks, mobile backhaul, and for carrier Ethernet. Finally, it reviews the status of MPLS-TP standardization efforts in the IETF and ITU-T.
This document discusses how carrier-grade Ethernet can ensure reliable communications for utility networks transitioning to support smart grid applications. It covers Ethernet mechanisms that provide carrier-grade performance such as quality of service, resiliency, monitoring and timing synchronization. Choosing between IP, MPLS and Ethernet options is discussed. The document also addresses network security considerations and introduces RAD's carrier-grade Ethernet product portfolio for power utilities.
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Huge advancements in optical devices, components and networking.
The underline of the Internet is optical – How can we take advantage of this?
How can the applications take advantage of this?
Agile Optical Network is starting to appear. What services and interfaces we’ll need between the optical control and the applications?
What are the applications?
The Internet architecture was built on some 15-20 years old assumptions. Are some modifications needed?
Is packet switching good for all? In some cases, is circuit switching better? (move TeraBytes of SAN date, P2P, Streaming)
End-to-End Argument – Is is valid for all cases?
What cases not? What instead?
The current Internet architecture is based on L3. What is needed in order to offer services in L1-L2?
Computation vs. Bandwidth 10X in 5 years
This document recommends EoMPLS as the technology of choice for a green field CE deployment based on the following points:
1) EoMPLS is a mature and field-proven technology that allows the CSP to deliver services across the CEN in an IP-oriented architecture while interoperating with its existing IP/MPLS core.
2) EoMPLS supports all the intended services like L3 VPN, L2 VPN, IPTV, broadband internet, and IP voice with required features like multipoint support and service protection.
3) The CEN should be highly available, stable, support QoS, performance, multicast and TDM with proper management and security using Eo
The document discusses the evolution of mobile data service architectures from 2G/3G/4G to a next-generation architecture. It proposes a new architecture with a flattened network structure and optimized, integrated system design. The new architecture features an open management interface, separated control and data planes, and extensibility to support future transactions per second needs. It aims to provide a multi-service environment with in-line services, subscriber management, and flexible virtualization capabilities.
PLNOG 6: Maciej Konstantynowicz - Implementing Seamless MPLS PROIDEA
Implementing Seamless MPLS discusses service provider priorities such as reducing costs, simplifying operations, and improving service delivery. It outlines requirements for a converged packet network including support for large scale, deterministic availability, and simplified service provisioning. The document also describes Juniper's Seamless MPLS architecture which addresses these requirements through hierarchical MPLS labeling, fast restoration mechanisms, and decoupled network and service architectures.
Mobile Transport Evolution with Unified MPLSCisco Canada
Mobile Service Providers are seeing unprecedented challenges in relation to their Transport architectures with the 3GPP evolution towards IP based Node Bs, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced. This presentation will initially discuss the network migration trends and factors that are changing how mobile networks are evolving. A description is provided on Unified MPLS and the current issues that need to be fixed and how this architecture addresses this. A more detailed analysis will then examine the options available for transporting GSM/2G, UMTS/3G traffic and IP/Ethernet Node B deployments and some of factors that need consideration like scalability, resiliency and security. Finally, there is a detailed description of the LTE/LTE - A evolution and the feature requirements made on the transport network. There will be detailed analysis of different LTE models and also some technical enhancements and proposals considered for the implementation of LTE in a Unified MPLS environment.
This document discusses introducing IP transport capabilities into the Cello Packet Platform (CPP) telecommunications technology. It notes that voice traffic is being replaced by data traffic, putting new demands on networks to handle both delay-sensitive and packet-oriented traffic. While ATM was considered the solution for quality of service, issues around scalability, administration and cost have emerged. The document outlines six basic principles for IP services in CPP, including embedding an IP router across the main processor cluster and device boards, and fully distributing IPv4/IPv6 forwarding in hardware or software. Introducing IP support in CPP provides benefits to network operators by offering a consistent solution for TDM, ATM and IP transport.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
Presentation held by Mr.Viktor Nastev as a part of the - Broadband Session at the 8th SEEITA and 7th MASIT Open Days Conference, 14th-15th October, 2010
An overview of Ethernet WAN deployment and of the benefits to the Service Provider of Ethernet Demarcation Devices, for both 'wires only' Ethernet Access to IP VPNs and for native Ethernet WAN Services.
This document discusses the need for modernizing critical infrastructure networks to handle increasing traffic demands. It presents MPLS-TP as an approach that can provide the reliability and deterministic performance of legacy infrastructure with the flexibility of IP/MPLS networks. MPLS-TP adds transport features like advanced OAM and protection switching to standard MPLS. The document proposes an "Elastic MPLS" approach using signaling gateways to stitch together IP/MPLS and MPLS-TP domains, allowing different parts of the network to use the most appropriate transport technology while maintaining end-to-end services and management.
The document discusses LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), which was developed by Cisco to address scalability issues facing the Internet. LISP solves these issues by separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC) using an encapsulation scheme and mapping system. This allows routing scalability by removing most host routes from the global routing system and storing them in a distributed database. The document outlines LISP's control and data plane operations, use cases, and Cisco's involvement in developing and standardizing the protocol.
This document discusses the transition to IP/MPLS in mobile backhaul networks. As networks evolve to support 4G/LTE, MPLS provides a unified solution for transporting various technologies like legacy TDM/ATM, Ethernet, and IP. MPLS enables features like scalability, reliability, manageability, traffic engineering, and quality of service required by mobile backhaul. The transition involves migrating networks to MPLS in phases, starting with aggregation and eventually supporting all technologies over a common MPLS infrastructure.
This document provides an introduction to RINA and discusses problems with the current Internet architecture. It argues that much of what is believed about the Internet is myth rather than reality. The Internet is facing severe problems like poor security, inefficient routing, and lack of mobility and quality of service support. Additionally, the document claims guiding principles for future Internet design are not very helpful. It asserts that networking is fundamentally about inter-process communication and the answer to improving Internet architecture has been clear since the mid-1990s.
This document summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 0G to 4G and highlights some of the key challenges of 3G/4G networks. It shows how data rates have doubled every year, driving the transition from narrowband to broadband networks. While 3G deployments are maturing, 4G/LTE rollouts are just beginning. This is fueling a massive growth in mobile data traffic and creating challenges around traffic management, mobile backhaul capacity, and complex new network architectures.
Packet Design introduces route analytics technology to help manage complex IP networks during the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Route analytics passively monitors routing protocols to create an accurate model of the network topology and application traffic paths. It helps troubleshoot issues, plan network changes like enabling IPv6, and ensure IPv6 prefixes are routed properly. Route analytics also provides real-time and historical views of network routing with the ability to simulate and model routing changes. This helps engineers more accurately manage the IPv6 transition.
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, carrier-class Ethernet connectivity and networking capabilities. They address the need for consistent application performance, accessibility, and expense predictability. Carrier Ethernet uses Ethernet technology and protocols to deliver services at wide area scales beyond 10Gbps. Popular service types include E-Line, E-LAN, VPLS, and IP VPNs. Level 3 provides nationwide and international carrier Ethernet networks and services.
This document discusses Ethernet OAM and lessons learned from interoperability testing. Key points include:
- Standards exist for Ethernet OAM fault and performance management, but differences between IEEE and ITU-T standards prevent full interoperability.
- Testing through the Verizon Interoperability Forum revealed implementation challenges across vendors in areas like naming, link trace, and performance monitoring support.
- Managing OAM across networks is complex due to the need to provision monitoring points and reactions to faults on a service-specific basis across multiple network elements.
- Notifying customers of faults requires supporting either AIS or E-LMI asynchronous status messages depending on customer equipment capabilities.
- Continued development is
The document proposes a solution for scaling LDP-based pseudowire (PW) services across multiple regions. It uses LDP signaling for setting up intra-region PWs and BGP for inter-region stitching and routing. The solution allows PW services to extend across autonomous systems and areas without requiring protocols like BGP on terminating provider edges (T-PEs). Provisioning and signaling are simplified through the use of attachment identifiers and route targets. Existing T-PE capabilities are largely reused through minor extensions to FEC-128/129 signaling over LDP. BGP routing between switching provider edges (S-PEs) avoids a full mesh of LDP sessions to improve scaling as the number of T-
This document discusses using label switched multicast (LSM) for optimized video delivery over MPLS networks. It covers market trends in video, types of video, video delivery architectures, and an overview of label switched multicast using RSVP-TE and mLDP signaling. Examples applications of LSM for video contribution, primary distribution, and enterprise distribution are provided. The document concludes that MPLS networks are increasingly being used for different types of video delivery and that LSM can optimize this delivery through applications tailored to specific video use cases and requirements.
This document discusses how virtualization can provide the foundation for a green IT business case in a data center. It summarizes trends in server and desktop virtualization adoption. It also discusses challenges related to power usage and cooling in data centers. The document then models how virtualization can reduce capital and operational costs through lower hardware, power, and cooling needs. It shows how these savings can provide a strong ROI, especially as virtualization maturity increases. It concludes that virtualization is a key way to reduce energy usage and improve sustainability in a data center.
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
1) The document proposes an adaptive-mesh grid network of 5 data centers powered by solar, wind, and geothermal sources located around the world to provide continuous network access and data center services.
2) 4 data centers would operate on 6-hour shifts based on their local time zones during peak usage hours, while 1 data center remains always-on.
3) The network uses wavelength division multiplexing on fiber optic rings to dynamically allocate bandwidth between data centers as needed, reducing network capacity costs significantly compared to conventional network designs.
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from server racks to the building's chilled water system. A case study shows the modular units reduced server temperatures by 14-24 degrees F in a lab without using air conditioning. The modular approach improves efficiency by up to 90%, utilizes space better, and provides a payback period of 3.3 years or less compared to traditional cooling systems.
This document discusses the growing importance of measuring the energy efficiency of networking devices. As data and network traffic increases, the energy and cooling costs associated with powering network infrastructure is becoming a significant operational expense for network operators. Standards organizations have begun developing methods to measure and report the energy consumption and efficiency of networking equipment in order to drive the industry toward more eco-friendly solutions. Ixia has introduced a solution called IxGreen that allows for automated, real-world testing of networking devices' energy efficiency ratings.
The document discusses the growing issue of power management in data centers, noting that energy costs are the fastest growing expense and many data centers will soon run out of power capacity. It explains that while IT infrastructure has become more dynamic, facilities have remained static, creating a large gap between power consumption and delivery. The document argues that in order to address this challenge, CIOs must be given power budgets and power must be measured at the equipment level to incentivize changes and connect power usage to business needs.
This document discusses securing the smart grid through an RSA approach. It begins by introducing Sam Curry, the Chief Technology Officer of RSA, The Security Division of EMC. It then discusses some of the challenges utilities are facing in implementing smart grid technologies, including pressure to roll out new infrastructure quickly. The document outlines how the traditional energy grid lacks communication capabilities and visibility compared to a smart grid. It proposes that RSA can provide solutions for encrypting data, managing keys, controlling access to systems, collecting security information, and managing incidents to help secure the smart grid in an end-to-end manner. Finally, it suggests that EMC has capabilities across the smart grid stack from physical security to consulting that can also help utilities address security
The document discusses the views of a cynic on smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids involve completely redesigning the communications networks that control and deliver electric power to form a resilient network like the Internet. However, there are still many open issues regarding standards, integrating renewable energy, consumer costs and willingness to accept time-of-use pricing, and challenges in home energy management. Overall, while the goals of smart grids are important, the cynic believes there are still major technical, economic and regulatory hurdles to widespread implementation.
The document discusses opportunities for reducing power consumption in broadband networks. It finds that the biggest potential lies in simplifying the access layer, including the home gateway. Functions can be consolidated from the home gateway to the DSLAM or IP Edge to reduce power usage. Standardizing on open IPTV interfaces could also allow eliminating set-top boxes. Overall, rearchitecting networks with a focus on green technologies and intelligence at the Edge provides opportunities for power, capital, and operational savings.
Mobile data usage is growing exponentially as smartphones become more popular. However, most mobile data is used indoors where signal from macro cellular towers is poor. While 4G technologies can provide some improvements, the macro cellular architecture alone cannot meet long term demands. Femtocells provide a solution by creating small, low-power cellular base stations that can be installed in homes to provide dedicated indoor coverage and capacity. This improves the user experience through better signal strength and dedicated bandwidth. Femtocells also enable new applications through awareness of both mobile and home networks. However, challenges remain around interference avoidance when femtocells overlap with macro networks.
2. Agenda
LTE Requirements
Impact on Transport Networks:
- OAM and Protection
- QoS
- Services
- Synchronization
- Security
MPLS-TP for LTE backhaul
Conclusions
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3. LTE Transformation - Key Technology Shifts
2G/3G
CS Core
MSC
PS Core
GGSN
BTS Backhaul RNC Internet
(Ethernet/TDM/ATM)
SGSN
1 2 3 4 5 6
Radio Mobility Backhaul transition RNC Bearer mobility MCS voice and SGSN CS and PS
Intelligence placed in To IP/Ethernet collapse into packet mobility Collapse into a Pure data services
the eNB the SGW collapse into Unified IP incl. VoIP
Distributed and flat RNC control the SGW backbone
Substantial increase New revenue
IP Architecture collapse into SGSN control
in traffic volume generating services
the MME collapse into
the MME
LTE MME
Multi-Media
Services
Service
Backhaul aware and
mobile aware PCRF
(IP/Ethernet)
IP network P-GW
S-GW
Cost optimization
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4. Transport Requirements for LTE
Node B BSC / IP
RNC
ATM
Core TDM
BTS
Access ePC
node Backhaul transport (MPLS-TP)
(IP/MPLS)
Aggregation S- GW MME
Node B node
eNB
P- GW PCRF
LTE will be introduced as a hotspot in existing 2G and 3G networks
variety of clients (TDM, ATM, IP/Ethernet)
Much higher traffic volumes from new data services (video, gaming, SMS)
Transport network technology needed that:
Is multiservice
Has low cost per bit for wholesale transport of data services
Enables seamless transition from existing SONET/SDH to packet transport
and features transport-grade operation in terms of protection and OAM
Interoperation with the IP/MPLS packet core
MPLS-TP fulfills the above criteria
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5. How is LTE affecting the Network requirements?
Large amount of data traffic accentuates the need for efficient operation and favors L2
transport
Very fast protection switching and powerful OAM to minimize disruptions and
downtime and facilitate troubleshooting and recovery; L2 transport for lowest-cost
operation
Distributed architecture and new functionalities increase the level of complexity
Increased security concerns; requirements for L2VPNs; comprehensive OAM to assist
with network operation
VoIP puts strong emphasis on controlled delay/jitter and resilience
requires OAM with performance monitoring of delay and jitter; strong QoS; fast
protection switching with TE capability
Support for new end user services brings additional requirements
Requires multicast/broadcast support; heightens security/privacy sensitivities for
banking, location-based services; QoS requirements for video traffic; OAM with
performance measurement for video traffic; interoperation with ePC for e2e support
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6. S1-U interface
S11 interface
S1-MME interface
Interconnection between Transport and ePC S5 interface
X2 interface
bearer
MS-PW [Static/T-LDP] PCRF
MPLS-TP IP/MPLS MME
(L2VPN) (L3VPN)
Transport S-GW ePC P-GW
LSP [Static/GMPLS-RSVP-TE] LSP [Static] LSP [RSVP-TE/LDP]
Flattening of the architectures drives similar requirements across the network
VPN support in both Transport and ePC
Bearer concept spans radio, S1 and S5 interface and needs to be
provisioned in both Transport and ePC with similar parameters
Coordination required between S1 and S5 for support of services;
coordinated support for handover
MS-PW for e2e interoperation incl. monitoring and redundancy; Coordinated
tunnel set up
LTE requires stronger coordination between Transport and ePC than 2G/3G
MPLS-TP facilitates coordinated set-up and interoperation
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7. OAM Requirements
Client monitoring (Y.1731)
MS-PW monitoring
LSP monitoring
PCRF
Tandem monitoring
MME
MPLS-TP IP/MPLS
S-GW ePC P-GW
Transport
Very fast fault detection to detect failures and assist in sub-50ms protection
Fault localization and notification to assist with troubleshooting complex
network
Alarm issuance and suppression to simplify management and operation
Multi-level operation to isolate and monitor section of the network to assist
with troubleshooting
Delay and loss measurement (on demand and continuous), to assists with SLA
verification and detect causes of performance degradation
MPLS-TP features comprehensive set of OAM tools meeting above requirements
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8. Protection, Client protection and Dual Homing
eNB Access node Access node Aggregation node
Aggregation node S-GW
eNB to access node Transport Network Transport node to S-GW
Typically several Mesh and rings Redundancy in case of
S-GW failure as well as
cables or, less Failure detection dual-homed links
frequently, several through OAM (MPLS- Failure Detection
fibers TP) through 802.1ag
Failure detection CFM/Y.1731; also
Sub-50ms protection Physical LOS
through 802.3ah EFM switching (linear and
Detection through
/802.1ag/Y.1731; also ring) MPLS-TP OAM possible
physical LOS 1+1, 1:1, 1:N, bi- VRRP and MC-LAG
Protection through directional operation L2VPN and MAC re-
link aggregation Local and e2e learning
protection
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9. QOS: the bearer concept
GBR bearer
Non-GBR bearer
EndPoints
transport ePC
UE Radio
S1 S-GW
S5 P-GW
bearer bearer bearer
A bearer provides same packet treatment to the flows from UE to P-GW
(includes radio, S1, and S5 interface)
Guaranteed Bit Rate bearer is characterized by Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and
Maximum Bit Rate (MBR) and guarantees no packet loss due to congestion
Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate bearer offers no guarantees and is the default
Flows mapped to bearers based on demands
Each flow characterized by QoS Class Identifier QCI and Allocation and Retention
Priority ARP (for establishment and handover)
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10. QOS Mapping
NOTE: The mapping is configurable by operators.
Application layer QoS (QCI) eNodeB P-GW
Signalling, RT/NRT traffic, OM data
mapping Transport (S1) + S5
signal/PTRAU
UDP/TCP UDP/TCP
IP QoS
DSCP marking, DiffServ IP IP
L2/3
Data link layer L2
mapping Physical layer
Physical layer Physical layer
Data link layer QoS
-PPP priority: MC-PPP
-Ethernet QoS: IEEE802.1p/q
In Transport (S1 interface) L2 operation per class of service following MEF 22
(less than 9 CoS)
Bearers mapped on class of service depending on their requirements
QoS determined by p-bits, that could be further mapped into MPLS-TP EXP bits
H-QoS needed on the P-GW
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11. Requirements for Multi-Point Operation
New services introduce requirements for the S1 interfaces
Multicasting support for video: -> E-LAN or E-TEE
VoIP and data/web: -> E-LINE
Handover through X2 interfaces with direct communications between eNBs
E-LAN (preferred) or E-LINE
Architectural requirements for multipoint connections -> L2VPN required
S1-Flex
S-GWs pools and MME pools; load balancing
MME and control signaling
- idle mode tracking and paging; connect set-up
MPLS-TP efficiently supports LTE services
Support for MEF requirements and specifications
Full flexibility of operation with L2VPNs
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12. S1-U interface
S11 interface
S1-MME interface
Services for LTE S5 interface
X2 interface
E-LAN for X2
E-TREE for S1
MME
EPC
Transport S-GW PCRF
P-GW
X2 interface defined for handover S1 interfaces carry traffic to/from the
between eNBs S-GW
Low bandwidth, low delay requirements UL point to point
Up to 16 X2 interfaces, (depending on DL could be point to point or could be
the density of the coverage) point-to-multipoint (video, gaming)
Could be realized by E-LAN or E-LINE Could be realized by E-LAN, E-TREE or
E-LINE
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13. Tracking Area, S-GW Service Area and MME Pool Area
MME Pool Area
S-GW service area
S-GW
MME Pool
S-GW service area
S-GW
MME Pool Area
S-GW service area
PCRF
Tracking area MME Pool
P-GW
Tracking area
S-GW Pool
Tracking Area, S-GW Serving Area and MME Pool Area are important architectural
elements in LTE
L2VPNs can be set-up per each or combination of them
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14. S1-U interface
S11 interface
S1-MME interface
S1-Flex S5 interface
X2 interface
MME Pool
S-GW 1
L2VPN100
PCRF
S-GW 2 P-GW
S-GW 3
Each eNB needs to have a connectivity to several S-GWs and MMEs:
UE connect procedure
Change of MME during handoff/roaming or load balancing
For the connect procedure MME selects an S-GW out of many available S-GWs
selection based on location, or based on low probability for changing S-GW
MME can initiate load balancing
initiate load balancing by S1 bearer release with TAU load balancing.
Establishment of a new S1 bearer to a new S-GW
MME can initiate an S1 overload and specify new S-GW
L2VPNs facilitate operation
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15. Synchronization requirements: what is important?
Frequency Synchronization
Always required
All BS types: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto
3GPP values: Wide Area BS 0.05 ppm, Medium Range BS 0.1 ppm, Local Area BS 0.1 ppm
Single value so far for LTE: Max 50 ppb (ref. 3GPP 36.104 section 6.5.1)
Time Synchronization (same frame start-time among BS) required if
TDD mode, whatever the BS type (macro, femto etc.)
FDD mode, in case one of the following features are used (NA for femto)
eMBMS/COMP/network MIMO
HO eHRPD / LTE
1588 and Synchronous Ethernet Requirement on every transport node
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16. Synchronization distribution
IEEE1588v2 GPS
1588 Master server could be co- Receiver inside the eNB.
located with the MME or transport interface RS422
networks will provide time
Frequency & Phase
synchronization to eNB via specific
1pps + ToD connector Synchronous Ethernet
Transport network has its own Requires Layer 1 clock tree through
master and server all Ethernet devices between clock
master and eNB’s.
Recommended clock delivery over
IP networks Synchronous Ethernet supporting
intermediate nodes
External Timing Port
High stability internal clock: optional
Synchronous
Ethernet Sync Ethernet
clock master
GPS Ethernet MME PCRF
S-GW P-GW
1588v2 1588v2
client IEEE1588v2 Precision Time server
Protocol
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17. IPSec tunnel
Tunnel endpoints
Security LSP
Security of heightened concern in LTE because of location-based services and
because of the distribution of the role of RNC
Especially concern in the case of mobile backhaul providers
Several technologies could be used depending on the required level of security:
Radius/EAP
IPSec for S1 and (less likely) for X2
Tunnels and 802.1X for X2 or as an alternative to IPSec for S1
Un-trusted Trusted
Transport ePC
MME
Security S-GW
eNB GW PCRF
P-GW
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18. MPLS-TP
MPLS-TP will enable efficient packet transport by transport profiling of IP/MPLS
Basic MPLS constructs (PW, LSP, tunnel…) assuring seamless interconnection with
IP/MPLS
Comprehensive multi-level OAM in the data plane only with fast failure
detection, fault localization, alarms and suppression, performance monitoring
and tandem connection monitoring
Separation of the control and data plane and operation through control plane,
and through NMS without any control plane support
Fast protection switching in the data plane with support from OAM
IP-less and IP-based mode of operation in the data plane
Joint work by ITU-T and IETF ensuring convergence of transport and routing specs
ITU-T TMPLS G.81xx specs available; further TMPLS standardization stopped and
ITU-T will align existing G.81xx specs to the MPLS-TP RFCs when completed
MPLS-TP can provide very efficient backhaul for LTE
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19. Conclusions
LTE brings profound changes:
Transition to all-packet services including VoIP
Much increased data rates up to 300Mb/s
Flat IP and distributed architecture
The transport infrastructure needs to support LTE as well as existing 2G and 3G
LTE has major impact in the following areas:
Support for Services
Synchronization
QoS
OAM and Resilience
Security
Interoperation with packet core
MPLS-TP is shown to be good candidate for LTE transport
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